7 sacraments Essay Example

7 sacraments Essay Example 7 sacraments Essay 7 sacraments Essay 1. Baptism Minister of baptism is ? rst the bishop and second the priest. Natural water that is poured or sprinkled on a person, or in which a person is immersed, is the matter or material element necessary for baptism. The pronouncing of the words is the form of baptism, namely: I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. This sacrament is the door of the Church of Christ and the entrance into a new life. We are reborn from the state of slaves of sin into the freedom of the Sons of God. Baptism incorporates  us with Christ’s mystical body and makes us partakers of all the privileges *owing from the redemptive act of the Church’s Divine Founder. 2. Con? rmation The ordinary minister of Con? rmation is a bishop, usually of the same diocese as the con? rmand. In cases of emergency, special faculties can be extended to a priest. Hand on the person and anointing him with chrism (bleesed oil). Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit. 1. Rooting us more deeply as adopted sons and daughters of God. 2. Uniting us more ?rmly to Christ. 3. Increasing the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit  in us. 4. Bonding us more perfectly to the Church. 3. Eucharist The bishop or priest celebrant reverently hands vessels containing the Body or the Blood of the Lord to the deacons or extraordinary ministers who will assist with the distribution of Holy Communion. Bread and wine. This is my body This is the cup of my blood The doctrine of the Church regarding the e6ects or the fruits of Holy Communion centres around two ideas: (a) the union with Christ by love and (b) the spiritual repast of the soul. Both ideas are often veri? ed in one and same e6ect of Holy Eucharist. 4. Reconciliation Only a priest can The verbal I absolve you the restoration or Penance administer the Sacrament of Reconciliation. confession of sins. from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. or increase of sanctifying grace; the forgiveness of sins; the remission of the eternal punishment, if necessary, and also of part, at least, of the temporal punishment, due to our sins; the help to avoid sin in future; 5. Anointing of the Sick Only priests (bishops and presbyters) are ministers of the Anointing of the Sick Anointing with  oil. Through this holy anointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of tht Holy Spirit. Amen May the Lord, who frees your spirit from sin, save you and raise you up. Amen. . Anointing heals. Thats the e6ect. It heals the soul. It heals either this mortal body or prepares us for the ultimate healing of the body in the Resurrection on the Last Day. It heals the Body of Christ as we intercede for the sick one. It strengthens the sick one to share in the cross of Christ. It helps the sick one be a sign of Christs grace of healing and mercy to the Church. 6.  Holy Orders 1. Holy Orders is the sacrament in which Jesus acts to receive people into the ministry of the deacon, the priest or the Bishop of the Church. Laying on of hands. We ask you, allpowerful Father, give these servents of yours the dignity of the presbyterate. Renew the Spirit of holiness within his sacrament con? gures the recipient to Christ by a special grace of the Holy Spirit, so that he may serve as Christs instrument for his Church. By ordination one is enabled to act as a representative of them. By your divine gift may they attain the second order in hierchy and  exemplify right conduct in their lives, Christ, Head of the Church, in his triple o=ce of priest, prophet, and king. 7. Matrimony While the priest or deacon witness the matrimony, in the Western Church (i. e. Roman Catholics), the minister of the Sacrament of marriage is the couple themselves. Christian man and Christian women. The exchange of wedding vows. The e6ects of the Sacrament of Matrimony are: 1st, To sanctify the love of husband and wife; 2d, To give them grace to bear with each others weaknesses; 3d, To enable them to bring up their children in the fear and love of God.

Free Essays on A Seperate Piece

Through the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, one of the main characters named Gene Forester is seemingly always in a conflict. These conflicts both internal and external plague Gene until the very end. It is these conflicts that lead to the creation of an enemy that Gene is at war with throughout A Separate Peace. This enemy is Gene himself. The first time the enemy within Gene gets the best of him, it causes him to hurt his best friend. When Gene and Finny create the â€Å"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session† they decide to make the initiation jumping out of a tree by the Devon River. It is this event that sparks the outrageous suspicion that maybe Finny is trying to ruin Gene’s academics by keeping him busy with the club. This envy of Finny builds in Gene over time and at each meeting they start by both of them jumping from the tree. Finally at one meeting when they were both on the limb, Gene’s feelings caused him to jounce the limb in a blind impulse resulting in Finny falling and breaking his leg. Although Gene did not think anyone saw what happened, one person did. Leper Lepellier witnessed Gene’s blind rage from the ground and ironically would see it again. Leper was the first of Gene and Finny’s class to enlist. He enlisted in the ski troops after seeing a recruiting video. No one expected to hear from Leper until during the Winter Carnival, Gene received a letter telling him that Leper had escaped and wanted Gene to meet him. Gene, being intrigued by the letter, left to meet Leper at his home in Vermont. When Leper starts describing his hallucinations of the war to Gene, it causes him to respond in anger. Gene reacts by yelling and at one point even kicks the chair out from under Leper. His problem is not as much with Leper as it is a conflict with himself over the war. In anger he leaves Leper and returns back to Devon. The last stand of the enemy within Gene is held when he, Finny, ... Free Essays on A Seperate Piece Free Essays on A Seperate Piece Through the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, one of the main characters named Gene Forester is seemingly always in a conflict. These conflicts both internal and external plague Gene until the very end. It is these conflicts that lead to the creation of an enemy that Gene is at war with throughout A Separate Peace. This enemy is Gene himself. The first time the enemy within Gene gets the best of him, it causes him to hurt his best friend. When Gene and Finny create the â€Å"Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session† they decide to make the initiation jumping out of a tree by the Devon River. It is this event that sparks the outrageous suspicion that maybe Finny is trying to ruin Gene’s academics by keeping him busy with the club. This envy of Finny builds in Gene over time and at each meeting they start by both of them jumping from the tree. Finally at one meeting when they were both on the limb, Gene’s feelings caused him to jounce the limb in a blind impulse resulting in Finny falling and breaking his leg. Although Gene did not think anyone saw what happened, one person did. Leper Lepellier witnessed Gene’s blind rage from the ground and ironically would see it again. Leper was the first of Gene and Finny’s class to enlist. He enlisted in the ski troops after seeing a recruiting video. No one expected to hear from Leper until during the Winter Carnival, Gene received a letter telling him that Leper had escaped and wanted Gene to meet him. Gene, being intrigued by the letter, left to meet Leper at his home in Vermont. When Leper starts describing his hallucinations of the war to Gene, it causes him to respond in anger. Gene reacts by yelling and at one point even kicks the chair out from under Leper. His problem is not as much with Leper as it is a conflict with himself over the war. In anger he leaves Leper and returns back to Devon. The last stand of the enemy within Gene is held when he, Finny, ...

Maritime bussines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Maritime bussines - Essay Example The international trade remains successful first of all because of the improvement in marine transportation (The Long History of Shipping Company). However, besides the advantages, recent global changes also brought some problems and changes shipping organizations have to solve and adapt to. The given paper will discuss the issue of adaptation in relation to shipping organizations. The main stress will be made on the necessity for such adaptation. These advices on success and adaptation might serve as a model for shipping organizations, which go through difficult times. Notwithstanding that shipping organizations sometimes have problems they are very successful in development and their business is thriving. The typical problems frequently met by the companies are delays in delivery, problems with documents, and problems with communication. Information technologies development made it possible for shipping companies to control the ships and provide the needed level of security. Â  Today the main task of shipping originations is to adapt to the developing of new technologies, especially in creating new systems of controlling and spreading the data. Modern shipping organization needs a modern database to track the information, and thus having correct information is the key element of the successful functioning of the company. The absence of a good database in any shipping organization might even indirectly lead to its closing, and much has already been said about it. Any organization needs the ability to adapt to the changing environment, as it is always influenced by the limited resources and increasing competition. Only a few organizations are able to develop a strong plan of adaptation looking for opportunities of modernizing their techniques and making marketing strategies work effectively. Shipping company should be was mainly concentrated on the issue of information technologies,

Research Propasal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Propasal - Research Paper Example Qualitative data will be derived from a reliable source, which is the population, and this will be through conducting a sample survey. This research will have both theoretical and practical importance. This paper seeks to establish the hypothesis that individuals from rich families are more likely to be kidnapped. The type of crime that will be included in this proposal is kidnapping. During kidnappings, kidnappers unlawfully abduct and detain an individual against his or her wishes or intentions. A crime qualifies to be a kidnapping when an individual is unlawfully taken or moved to a different location without his or her consent. In most case, kidnappings are usually carried out with the objective of terrorizing the victim, asking for ransom, or influencing a political decision in exchange with the kidnapped person. Additionally, in many situations, children are largely the victims, although, adults too at times usually find themselves victims. Kidnapping is an offence, which according to law, has been categorized into degrees in relation to its magnitude (Hart & Zandbergen, 2009). The best type of research that will be applied when approaching the problem of kidnapping is descriptive. Through descriptive research, the important variables; dependent and independent will be established, which will aid in conducting the research. The descriptive research will start by exemplifying the problem, conducting a literature review, developing a research tool, identifying the population and sampling, data collection, and thereafter analyzing the data. This research will take on quantitative method, which will aid in testing the hypothesis scientifically. Qualitative data will be derived from a reliable source, which is the population, and this will be through conducting a sample survey. The data will be analyzed with the aim of establishing whether they correlate or associate with

Project Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management Principles - Essay Example Once the purpose has been stated, the planning stage can commence. An important part of the planning is to define what is required for the problem to be solved. These requirements should be clearly stated and communicated to employees in such a fashion that everyone is onboard with the plan of action. The next stage of project management is prioritizing. This is an often unnoticed stage in the process because it does not openly contribute to the solution. Actually, prioritizing targets is a very sensible thing to do because there may not be enough time or resources available to complete everything to an acceptable standard. It should be expected that the project may not be completed within the budgeted timeframe, so alternative plans need to be prepared just in case the unthinkable happens. Generally, organizations should plan to take more time than is needed just to be safe. In order to help accomplish the goals and objectives of a project management plan, a project manager needs to be appointed as the leader. This person is vital because they will determine the potential success or failure of the project. This person holds a critical role within the organization because his responsibility is to deal with any obstacles that may crop up. Other than this position, there should also be a project sponsor. The project sponsor is the person who will receive a benefit from the project. There are three people that should report to the project sponsor: application architects, technical architects, and data architects. Apart from these people, there should also be analysts, designers, modelers, and developers. It is preferred that experts are given these positions, but trainees are also acceptable. If this happens to be the case, then there should be no more than two trainees to one expert. Once the project has begun, senior management will require an approximate estimate of how long each stage of the project will take. There are three methods that are commonly used wit hin organizations for giving estimations: top-down, parametric, and bottom-up. The first method is not very accurate, but can be useful in giving a rough estimate at the start of the project management process. The parametric system is slightly more accurate in that this process sums the number of work units by the time it takes to complete one work unit. This technique is generally useful when a certain task has previously been completed and thus the new task can be estimated based on that fact. Lastly, the bottom-up method is the most accurate, but every single detail is required to give an approximation on how long a task will take. In terms of issues that may come up in project management, I feel that lack of clarity plays a huge part in the project not going to plan. At the beginning of the project, if every step is not laid out, then it will be difficult to determine which processes have been completed. A written agreement should be made between the project manager, the projec t customer, and the project sponsor. This document should identify the project’s objective and how this objective will be met. It may be that the project needs to change slightly once the process has begun. If this is the case, then the change management process needs to be implemented so changes can be made when needed. This leads to the next issue with project management—shifting managerial priorities. The business environment is always

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay The oceans cover a little more than 70 percent of the earth surface. This makes it the worlds largest solar energy collector and energy storage system. On an average day, 60 million square kilometers if tropical seas absorb and amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. The history of mankind, have depended upon its ability to conquer the forces of nature, and to utilize these forces to serve its needs. Energy technology is certainly one of the most important factors in the emergence of mankind as the dominant species of this plant. The invention of the practical steam engine by James watt, brought about development of large factories, steam ships and the steam locomotive. First wood was used, then coal. About the same time, the use of coal instigated advances in metallurgy .petroleum from natural seepage has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and waterproofing. The introduction of drilling for oil greatly increased the s upply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high gear. One problem is that the natural seepage is limited and in a few years the elements will be used. The development of nuclear power was touted as the answers to all mankinds energy woes. It not turned out that way. The elimination of government subsidies for nuclear power plants has made them quite unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the world will write disaster for nuclear power plant The concept of OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by French physicist, Jacques arsene d arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power facility was not developed until the 1920s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the oceans natural thermal gradient, consequently the temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep water below 600 metres by about 20c, an OTEC system can produce, a significantly amount of power. The oceans are thus a vast renewable resource; with the potential to help us in the OTEC process is also rich in nutrients and it can be used to culture both marine organism and plant life near the shore or on land The total influx of solar energy into earth is of thousands of time as a great as mankind total energy use. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the result of the capture of solar energy by life of the past. There have been, any projects for harnessing solar energy, but most have not been successful because they attempt to capture the energy directly. The idea behind OTEC is the use of all a natural collectors, the se, instead of artificial collector. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm water is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm water pump. The water is pumped through the boiler, where some of the water is used to heat the working fluid, usually propane or some similar material. The propane vapour expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that generating electric power. Cold water from the bottom is pumped through the condenser, where the vapour returns to the liquid state. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some small fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the water through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different kinds of OTEC power plants, the land based and the floating plant. First, land based power plants, the land based pilot plant will consist of a building. This building will contain the heat exchangers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an enormous fish farm (100 football areas) by other pipes. Warm water is collected through a screened enclosure close to the store. A long pipe laid on the slope collects cold water. Power and fresh water are generated in the building by the equipment. Used water if first circulated in to the marine culture pond (fish farm) and then discharges by the third pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm water inlet. This is done so that the outflow does not reenter the plan, since re use of warm water would lower the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power plants is floating power plants, the floating power plant works in the same way as the land base d the apparent different is that the floating plant is floating. Where actually OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anywhere across about 60 million squares kilometres of tropical oceans anywhere there is deep cold water lying under warm surface water this generally means between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface water is these regions, warmed by the sun, generally stys at 25 degrees Celsius or above. Ocean water more than 1000 meters below the surface is generally at about 4 degrees C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: open cycle, closed cycle and hybrid cycle. Closed cycle Closed cycle systems use fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, to rotate a turbine to generate electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea water is pumped through a heat exchanger where the low boiling water point is vaporized. The expanding vapour turns the turbo generator, then clod, deep seawater pumped through a second heat exchanger condenses the vapour back into a liquid, which is then recycle through the system Open cycle Open cycle OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface water to make electricity. When warm seawater is placed in a low pressure container, it boils. The expanding steam drives a low pressure turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low pressure container, is almost pure fresh water. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans water Hybrid cycle Hybrid system combines the feature of both the closed cycle an open cycle system. In a hybrid system, warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber where it is flash evaporated into steam, similar to the open cycle evaporation process. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to produce electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the uses OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface seawater and cold water from the ocean depths replace fossil fuels to produce electricity. Second, its suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can produce fresh water as well as electricity. This is a significant adapted in island areas where fresh water is limited, other there is enough solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical oceans surface layer to provide most, if not all, of present human energy needs and last the use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would cost more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC plants must be located were a difference of about 20;c occurs year round. Ocean depths must be available fairly close to shore based facilities for economics operation. Floating plant ships could provide more flexibility. Third, there is no energy company will put money in this project because it only has been tested in very smell scale and last, the construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal water may cause localised damage to reefs and near shore marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most part, environmentally benign. Although accidental leakage of closed cycle working fluids can pose a hazard, under normal conditions, the only effluents are the mixed seawater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea water is depressurized. Although the quantities of outgassed species may be significant for large OTEC systems, with the exception of carbon dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and can impact global climate; however, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less carbon dioxide than comparable fossil fuel power plants and those emissions may be sequestered easily in the ocean or used to stimulate marine biomass production. OTEC mixed seawater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea water at the ocean surface. The discharges will also contain high concentrations of nutrients brought up with the deep sea water and may have a different salinity. It is important; ther efore, that release back into the ocean is conducted in a manner that minimizes unintended changes to the ocean mixed layer biota and avoids inducing long-term surface temperature anomalies. Analyses of OTEC effluent plumes suggest that discharge at depths of 50-100 m should be sufficient to ensure minimal impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to sustain open-ocean Mari culture

The Song Dynasty :: essays research papers

The Song Dynasty The Song dynasty lasted over 300 years, from 960 to 1279. Their history is divided into two periods of Northern and Southern Song. The Song period was one of China's most peaceful and prosperous era. However the Song government was corrupt and weak.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Song Dynasty, or Sung Dynasty was a period in which the Chinese government was very weak. In the beginning General Chao K'uang-yin, also known as Sung T'ai Tsu, was forced to become emperor in order to unify China. Sung T'ai Tsu created a national army under his direct control. He, and only he had control of the military. Once he had passed away his less competent successors were unable to keep the military under control, the military increasingly lost prestige. The weakening of China's military, coincided with the rise of strong nomadic nations on the boarders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the same time of the military's loss of prestige, the civil service rose in dignity. This was an examination system that had been restored in Sui and T'ang and was further elaborated and regularized. Selection examinations were help every three years at the district, provincial, and metropolitan levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only 200 out of thousands of applicants were granted the jinshi degree. This was the highest degree and appointed on government posts. From this time on, civil servants became China's most envied elite, replacing the hereditary nobles and landlords.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Song dynasty only extended over to the parts of earlier Chinese empires. The Khitans controlled the northeastern territories and the His Hsia controlled the northwestern territories. The Song emperors were unable to recover these lands so they were forced to make peace with the Khitans and the Hsi Hsia. They gave massive amounts of payments to the barbarians, under these peace terms, it depleted the state treasury and cause heavy payments on taxpaying peasants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About 100 years after the Songs first started ruling over China, their government started to go through a major decline. Officials that held important government positions were corrupt. Wealthy merchants that became rich from foreign trade found ways to avoid paying taxes. The peasants began to rebel when the heavy taxes were placed on them. The Song Dynasty had a lot of problems, in 1069 Emperor Shen Tsung appointed Wang An-shi as chief minister. Wang was a scholar who studied earlier Chinese governments. Wang noticed the corrupt government and made huge reform in the government. His reforms were based on the text of 'Rites of Chou'. Wang tried to get honest, intelligent officials by improving the university system. He made civil examinations more practical and reformed the merit system to reduce corruption among government officials.